Nov

3

Flood in Mexico

Filed Under Environment and Conservation, Hurricane Katrina | 3 Comments

From The Guardian:


Million people hit as Mexico flood waters continue to rise

A huge rescue operation began in southern Mexico yesterday, with rescue workers in boats, helicopters and military trucks striving to bring relief to almost a million people whose homes have been overwhelmed by the worst floods in the area in at least half a century.

Families who ignored calls to leave their homes were huddled on rooftops with no food and drinking water as murky waters surged up to the eaves of buildings and forecasters warned of more rain to come. Others were evacuated to shelters that later also proved vulnerable to the floods.

In an address to the nation in which he appealed for donations of everything from tin openers to generators, President Felipe Caldern called the crisis in Tabasco state “one of the worst disasters in the history of the country”. [...]

For the next few days it’s mostly going to be up to the Mexican military to save as many people as they can. I’m sure they are going to do their best. I’m trying to think of how I can help in the effort. Here’s one way.

From: Me
To: My Congressperson (Hank Johnson, D-GA 4th)
Subject: International Relations
via http://hankjohnson.house.gov/contact_hank_write.shtml

I am writing as your constituent to ask that you work to provide urgent aid to the Mexican state of Tabasco.

I have not heard anything in the news yet about our response to the devastating floods affecting the state of Tabasco. 80% of the state is underwater and 300,000 people need to be evacuated before further rain hits. I hope Congress is working on efforts and coordinating with the Mexican government to assist in evacuating these people and sheltering the homeless.

If such efforts are not already underway, it is our duty as neighbors to initiate them. Mexico immediately sent an aid convoy in response to Hurricane Katrina and we could do no less to aid them.

Nov

19

This Woman Has a Name–Ethel Freeman

Filed Under Hurricane Katrina, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment

I’m sure most of you remember this picture. After over two months, she was finally buried yesterday. Here is the story from of her burial from The New Olreans Times Picayune.

Oct

19

Symposium on Katrina

Filed Under Black/African American Issues, Hurricane Katrina, Media Praises and Critiques, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment

I attended an symposium called The Color of Disaster at New York University this weekend, and I wanted to devote a little blog space to some of the ideas that were presented at the two sessions I attended. The first session called “Eyewitnessing the Storm: Stories of Catastrophe and Survival” included three panelists.

1. Tony Zumbado the camera man who captured many of the first scenes from the Civic Center was the first person to speak. He discussed some the problems that foreshadowed his trip to New Orleans. A veteran hurricane reporter, Zumbado was well versed in covering hurricanes, and he said that typically he would called FEMA and other government agencies before a storm to get updates on the storm see what their plans were for the staging area for the post disaster relief. Zumbado said this was the first time that he could not get a response from any of the “people in high places” who he called. He said the people MSNBC also attempted to call and could not reach FEMA either. So the bureaucratic problems started before the storm even hit. Even though they were not told were to set up the cameras they eventually found and place. Several days after the storm. Zumbado ventured into the city very early in the morning and came across a Black man named Tyrone Jones. Tyrone Jones was out looking for help for all of the people at the Civic center, and he asked Zumbado to come and film the problems at the Civic center. I talked about Zumbado’s coverage in a previous blog. The footage was so grpahic that MSNC would not air most of it. He said he saw several people die, including two babies. What is interesting about this is that it doesn’t square with the police reports that we heard about the number of bodies found at the Civic Center. I don’t see why he would have any reason to lie–he has the videos. So I wonder if the police fooled with the numbers.

2. The second person was Michaela Harris, a former NYU student and performer, who was living in NO before the storm. She talked about the difficulties gettting out with her 13 year old Volvo. She and her band members left the day before the storm and drove 16 hours to memphis before they found a place to stay (That trip normally takes just over 6 hours, according to Yahoo! maps). Harris said she was struck at how kind strangers in Memphis and later Atlanta were to her and her band members. She recalled several kind gestures: people helped them get gigs to make money; one man who gave all of the money in his wallet to them; and another women who happened to work at Volvo got her a deal on the substantial mechanical repairs that her car needed. She also made an interesting observation about how there were two parallel times in New Orleans when she was preparing to leave. She described the frantic pace of those leaving, and the very slow (time standing still) pace of those who were staying. The felt the divide was an erie forshadowing.

3. The last person was Brenda Marie Osbey, the Poet Laureate of Louisiana. Osbey felt that too many people unfamilair with New Orleans had seen the ony the death and destruction of the hurricane, so she decided to show the unique culture and history of the city. She talked aout the substantial African influence on the city’s history, especially since it was a major port of entry for slaves. She show a documentary of New Orleans focusing on the culture and festivities in Congo Square, one the oldest gathering places in the city. Many people came to the square to dance and drum; they even showed kids dancing on their lunch break. I think the nice thing about her presentation was that it didn’t focus on the stereotypical Mardi Gras, French Quarter, tourist view of New Orleans. She wanted to show the everyday life of the everyday people. I’ll talk about the other session tomorrow…..

Oct

11

Hurricane Katrina Song By Allen Watty

Filed Under Hurricane Katrina, Pop Culture, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

Here’s the link. It is by Allen Watty.

Oct

9

Racism, Sexism, and Heroism

Filed Under Black/African American Issues, Gender and Sexism, Hurricane Katrina, Media Praises and Critiques, Original Essays and Analysis, Race and Racism, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

This is the first in a two part series on how racism and sexism affected how Katrina victims were viewed.
Part 1–Heroes

In the days after 9/11 I was glued to my TV, watching what seemed to be the same cable news stories over and over and hoping that someone was going to tell me why this happened. The only refreshing new stories were the ones that followed heroesthe everyday folks who risked their lives to save others. Indeed there were many 9/11 heroes, but I quickly became frustrated at how few of those who were portrayed as heroes were White women or men and women of color. I just kept thinking; the rest of us are heroes too. Certainly, the firemen and police officers who died trying to save people in the World Trade Center were heroes, but the media and many average Americans seem to be much more content with white men as heroes. In fact, because of our race and gender stereotypes white men are constructed as brave, bold, dependable, powerful, righteous, and strongall of the makings of a hero. Certainly the rest of us have many of those traits too, but what keeps our heroism out of sight? The contrast in the construction heroes in the aftermath of World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina reveal how much racism and sexism shape our definition of heroism.

One of the biggest factors is the occupational segregation that makes jobs filled primarily by White men heroic occupations. The best example of this would be the New York City fire department. In a city where about 23% of the population is white and male, 92% of firefighters are white men. This is not a reflection of personal preferences, many women and minority fire fighters have faced harassment and discrimination. What makes this even worse is that the number of Black and Latino firefighters in New York has decreased since the 1960s yes it has decreased. The police department fairs somewhat better, but still does not reflect the ethnic make-up of the city.

After 9/11 the racial and gender make up of the fire department was very obvious to any outside observer who watch the numerous pictures of heroes. On that day, out of over 300 firefighters only 12 Latino firefighters, 12 Black firefighters and no women fire fighters died. What was even more telling was the controversy that emerged over a proposed statue to honor the firefighters who died. The statue was based on the now famous photo of three White firefighters who raised the US flag in still smoldering rubble of the World Trade Center. The controversyerupted, when artists designing the statue wanted to deviate from the photo by having a multiracial group of firefighters depicted in the statue.

The media and many of the Americans consuming media also contribute to this problem by anointing White men as heroes and ignoring others. One of the heroes from 9/11was a black woman flight attendant CeeCee Lyles , who called her husband and provided some of the information about what was going on flight 93, which later crashed in Pennsylvania. While her story was mentioned, it never inspired the same media coverage as those of the White men who died. Media outlets know that Whites make great victims and heroes, and they actively seek them out, when they anoint heroes in the wake of tragedy.

Now here we are at another American tragedy. Much of the city of New Orleans is destroyed, and the search for heroes is much different. Unlike 9/11, the media as had not had the convenient White male heroes for a few reasons. First and foremast the racial makeup of the city and the first responders was not as White as it was in New York. Rather than anointing the police as heroes, reporters noted that many police disappeared, and they admonished the Black police chief for this. A quick google search on Katrina heroes produces interesting results. The three groups most commonly mentioned–hospital workers; people rescuing animals, and the coast guard. The groups mentioned here were majority White, but they included numerous women. There are no political leaders, a la Rudy Giuliani, few mentions of police officers, and very few stories telling the stories of specific people. We have yet to see pictures of the dead or hear about how they made sacrifices so others could live. The working class Blacks of New Orleans make ok victims, but they dont make great heroes like White male stock brokers, politicians, firefighters, and police men.

Since the heroes in New Orleans are not the usual suspects, reporters have been left scrambling. Their mayor and the governor are not White men, and they are being held up to more scrutiny than Giuliani and Pataki (some of it rightfully so, but still much more). Everybody knows President Bush in his fly over analysis of the Superdome was not a hero. The police were unable to patrol the city given the mass destruction, and most of the middles class White men that fit the mold of our commonly held stereotypes were almost nowhere to be found, and because the usual suspects are not available the media and many Americans have been forced to look outside the mold for heroes. This has really created a dearth of heroes; Im not saying there are no heroes, but the New Orleans heroes have been nearly invisible compared to the 9/11 heroes

Two young African American males really exemplify New Orleans heroism. One is 6 year old Deamonte Love (pictured in the second photo above), who helped to take care of his younger siblings and neighbors when they were separated from their parents, a tall task for a small child. Another hero was Jabbar Gibson (pictured in the third photo above), who commandeered a bus and drove over 50 people to the Astrodome, even though he had never driven a bus before. Even though Gibson helped evacuate people when no one else was, people had a hard time seeing him as a true hero. The local media even speculated about what the legal ramifications would be since Gibson took the bus . The good news is that many people realize that Gibson is a hero, in spite of the limited media coverage. In fact, someone has started an online petition to award Gibson with a scholarship and the Presidential Medal of freedom.

I’m sure there are other New Orleans heroes, especially women heroes, but people outside of the city who access our information are not getting their stories. They are not on Dateline NBC, Primetime Live, or CNN, so much of their heroism goes unnoticed. I definitely think the White male firefighters in New York were brave as were the men (and women) on Coast Guard helicopters rescuing people off of their roofs, but I know that there are others who have not been recognized for their courage, bravery, and sacrifice. Heroes come in many forms, and our ability to see and create heroes is often related to how our society is organized. Racism and sexism are a big part of our society, but we all know that White men don’t have a monopoly on heroism. It is time that we do better at recognizing others who have sacrificed.

Oct

7

The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and The Ugliest

Filed Under Bunch-O-Links, Class Classism and Economic Inequality, Hurricane Katrina, Sexuality and Heterosexism, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

1. The Good– It looks like there is a reliable vaccine against 2 strains of the HPV virus (aka genital warts). They are advertising it a a cervical cancer vaccine because certain strains of HPV have been linked to cervical cancer. Here is the link

2. The Bad– Home prices are so out of control in California the 86% of the population cannot afford the average priced home. Here is the link.

3. The Ugly– Many Katrina victims remain unidentified, leaving their bodies unclaimed and nobody really seems to be bothered by this. They cite the scattered relatives, lack of good forensic evidence, and the race and class of the victims as reasons for the lack of identification.Here is the link.

4. The Ugliest– This snake that was pictured on Yahoo! It ate an alligator so big that it made the snake bust into two pieces. (Warning this picture is gross!!)

Oct

5

The Body Count Stops

Filed Under Hurricane Katrina, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment

I found this in a blog called Scout Prime. Apparently the body count has stopped even though several blocks of the Lower 9th Ward have not been searched. She makes several good points including this one

Tell me if this was a white neighborhood that those homes would go unsearched. We went to great pains to recover every little bit of human remains at Ground Zero but in Black America we won’t even bother to pick up bodies. This is an outrage. That practically no one is saying so is even more outrageous.

The point about 9/11 is well taken. A few days ago I was listening to the Leonard Lopate show on my local National Pubic Radio station, and Lopate interviewed Dr Robert Shaler. Schlaer ran the department responsible identifying the bodies and in most cases, body fragments. Just over half of the people killed in the World Trade Center were identified; many of them through DNA analysis of pieces of their bodies. They reeived grants from FEMA to update their equipment, and they even developed a robot so that sample of DNA would not get mixed. He said that New Orleans would be even harder because they would not be able to use some of the standard DNA tests, dental records, and other medical records because the records were destroyed many of the items they would test DNA from, such as toothbrushes were lost in the flood. They searched the World Trade Center for months, and now I’m wondering if some of the folks in new Orleans are going to come home to their relatives bodies in their homes.

Oct

3

Racism Round-Up

Filed Under Hurricane Katrina, Race and Racism, Racism Round-Up, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment

1. Race and Rumor — Sociologist Gary Alan Fine and African American Studies professor Patricia Turner dissect how racism created outlandish rumors in the wake of Katrina. They wrote a book on this a few years back, called Whispers on the color: rumor and race in America.

2. Bill Bennett– blabbering about abortion, crime, and Black folks. Bomani is talking about it. I don’t want to give Bennett the time of day.

3. White girls behaving badly– Was this racism or a fight over a boy? Or perhaps both?

Oct

2

Disaster Sociologists on Katrina

Filed Under Hurricane Katrina, Sociology, Uncategorized | Leave a Comment

The Chronicle of Higher Education has an article on some of the preliminary analyses by sociologists who are in the process of studying the response to Hurricane Katrina. Sociological research takes a while to produce, so these researchers don’t have the complete picture, but they do have a few important insights. Here are a few of them. 1. Did people panic was there chaos? Did people panic?

“The panic myth is a consistent one,” said Russell R. Dynes, a professor emeritus of sociology at Delaware, who was among the founders, in 1963, of the Disaster Research Center at Ohio State University. (The center moved to Delaware in 1985.) “The idea of social breakdown — I’m even pretty damn skeptical of that,” he said. “One of the problems here is TV. If you take a film clip and you run it for five hours, you create a notion that something’s happening.” In 40 years of disaster research, Mr. Dynes said, he and his colleagues have found very few instances of true social breakdown.

However, other researchers think there could have been panic in this situation because so much of the city was destroyed.

“One possible explanation,” said John H. Sorensen, a sociologist who serves as a senior researcher at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “is that this is perhaps the first American disaster since the 1906 [San Francisco] earthquake where a whole urban area has been severely damaged.” The sheer scale of the destruction of physical infrastructure, he suggests, might have made it impossible for the usual sorts of spontaneous cooperative behavior to emerge. “It gives one pause,” Mr. Sorensen said. “The sum of social-science knowledge about disasters is really based on a number of smaller events. Whether or not that extant knowledge is really applicable to large-scale regional disasters is certainly something that I’ve been thinking about during the last few weeks.”

The jury is still out. I’m surprised they did not address the alleged crimes; that we are now finding were seriously overestimated. 2. They are all agree that there was a bureaucratic breakdown, but they are trying to ascertain why. The University of Delaware’s disaster research team has been conductin research on the FEMA response (I can’t wait to see the findings on this.), but they are still working on the analysis, so they have no clear findings. Other researchers have speculated about what could have been the problem, and they point to the decision to include FEMA in the Department of Homeland Security.

Beyond that insular culture, some critics say, the department is also hamstrung by a “command and control” mentality that is ill suited to the realities of disasters. “One of the things that’s very consistently found,” said Delaware’s Mr. Dynes, “is that in a disaster, decisions are made at lower levels than they are made normally because you’re confronted with a situation, and you can’t get 10 of your colleagues to have a staff meeting to decide what to do. You’ve got to make a decision. So any decision in any organization is going to be made at lower levels than in normal times. And so the idea that anyone at the top could command and control all this activity is idiotic.” Mr. Lindell, of Texas A&M, agreed, saying he feared that policy makers in Washington had taken the wrong lessons from Katrina. The employees of the Department of Homeland Security, he said, “are mostly drawn from the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, and from police departments. They’re firmly committed to a command-and-control model.” (Just a few days ago, President Bush may have pushed the process one step further: He suggested that the Department of Defense take control of relief efforts after major natural disasters.) The habits of mind cultivated by military and law-enforcement personnel have their virtues, Mr. Lindell said, but they don’t always fit disaster situations. “They come from organizations where they’re dealing with an intelligent adversary. So they want to keep information secret — it’s only shared on a need-to-know basis. But emergency managers and medical personnel want information shared as widely as possible because they have to rely on persuasion to get people to cooperate. The problem with putting FEMA into the Department of Homeland Security is that it’s like an organ transplant. What we’ve seen over the past four years is basically organ rejection.”

So can the military model work in non military situations. 3. Evacuations do not work as easily as people think, and there is a whole series of studies on this. Psychologist Michael K. Lindell has conducted studies on “warning response theory,” which examines how people react in disasters. He noted that,

Another problem is that evacuation models have often suffered from false assumptions, he said. Traffic engineers often assume that people will depart at a steady rate, 24 hours a day. But when people actually flee hurricanes — just as when they leave for vacations — they are much more likely to leave in the morning or early evening, Mr. Lindell said.

4. Several researchers are also worried about how and where research money on diasters is being allocated. They argued that it is better to focus on actual disasters not simulations. Here is a quote,

Even as the field gains new respect, however, some scholars worry that too many post-September 11 resources are being poured into “scenario” research at the expense of studies of real-world disasters. “I think a lot of the work that’s being funded to do scenario-based research to elicit people’s intended behaviors in a host of possible terrorist scenarios is largely a waste of money,” Mr. Sorensen said. Far more valuable, he said, are studies of actual disaster behavior, like Mr. Kendra’s examination of the waterborne evacuations on September 11. Mr. Lindell said that a former student of his recently observed a major federal drill that imagined a chemical attack in Connecticut. “On the first day of the incident, the authorities told people to shelter in place” — that is, to stay in their homes, offices, or schools. “And by the third day of the incident, they still had not provided any new information. The assumption was that people would put themselves into suspended animation until they were told to reactivate themselves. And my student kept saying — he was only an observer, but he kept tapping people on the shoulder and saying, Don’t you think you ought to do something about this? If you’ve had any experience with people in disasters, you know that they’re not going to sit there and wait for three days. And he couldn’t get anyone’s attention.” Some government agencies pay close attention to scholarly studies of disaster, Mr. Sorensen said, but others do not. “Research doesn’t routinely get translated into practical guidance,” he said. “In fact, we know that a lot of the guidance that is produced by the federal government is often at odds with the social-science literature. That’s because it’s done by consulting firms that don’t have people who are academically trained. But it’s variable — there are some good folks out there who function as translators to the public sector, and then you have your hacks out to make money. And there’s no mechanism to regulate it.”

Sep

6

Pt 3 The Codependent Relationship of Race and Class in the Aftermath of Katrina

Filed Under Black/African American Issues, Class Classism and Economic Inequality, Hurricane Katrina, Race and Racism, Sociology, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

(Not yet Proofread and really longsorry in advance. LOL!)
In the first part of this series I laid out the basic sociological definitions of race and class and talked a little about how they are different.? Then in the second section I discussed the importance ways that racism affected how people understood this tragedy.? In this blog I want to address the intricate connection between race and class.?

In the aftermath of Katrina the question keeps coming up–Why are the African Americans in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama so poor?? A strong sociological analysis shows that the persistent poverty in many of American predominantly Black communities is not about personal shortcomings or a culture of poverty that perpetuates itself; it is about structured racism.? Although neoconservatives would have us believe it is about lack of moral values, laziness, or nihilism, this is mere a faade that avoids the real problem.?

We no longer have Jim Crow racism where Black people are legally relegated to poverty; instead we have modern racism.? Contemporary racism involves several elements.? First, we have an increasingly covert racial discourse (See Eduardo Bonilla Silva for this) where people profess colorblindness and equality publicly, but privately maintain many beliefs from the past (note how racist people were in the previous post when they could hide behind the anonymity of Craigslist).? Second, we have rugged individualism, which leads us to belief that it is the personal shortcomings of African Americans that has lead to greater poverty and lower wealth.? A third element of modern racism is its invisibility to most people.? The mechanisms of modern racism are largely institutionalized; it is so deeply rooted in our families, schools, churches, governments, media outlets, and economic systems that most (even those in the minority) do not know it is there.? What also remains invisible to most of us is Whiteness (See Peggy McIntoshs famous essay); most Whites feel raceless, and most of us tend to see racism as Black peoples problem and not our own.? Notice that no one is saying, Why are Whites in New Orleans wealthier than Blacks?? The superficial colorblindness and the institutionalization of racism allows most Whites and some African Americans to downplay the reality of racism and the economic inequality it creates.

I think there are several keys to understanding the racial wealth and poverty gaps, and numerous sociologists have addressed them (I will reference them in the text).? Keep in mind that federal statistics indicate that most African Americans do not live in poverty.? However, they are more likely than their White counterparts to live in povertythe figures are 19% and 7% in the 2000 Census.? Looking at income doesnt give us the full story because even Blacks and Whites with similar incomes do not have the same amount of wealth (property, stocks, etc).? The wealth gap is even greater than the poverty gap (See Dalton Conleys Being Black Living in the Red and Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiros Black Wealth White Wealth), because wealth can be transmitted over generations.? Here are just a few major ways the wealth/poverty gap is maintained.

1. Housing discrimination and racial segregation are still rampant.? Even most middle class African Americans live in racial segregated neighborhoods (See Massey and Denton American Apartied).? Segregation limits opportunities to network with power brokers, to get the best quality education, and to find the best paying jobs.? This is further exacerbated by the poor quality of public transportation in the US, which would allow people to travel more freely to other areas to look jobs, etc.? Segregation also reflects our hidden racial views.? Most Whites prefer to live with other Whites, but most African Americans prefer to live in racially mixed neighborhoods.; when this is combined with racial steering by real estate brokers and home owners, it is easy to see how African Americans remain trapped in some of the poorest most segregated neighborhoods.
2. Segregation and poverty also effect the educational system.? In much of the south the dejure, Jim Crow segregation has been replaced by a form of defacto segregation.? Even though southern neighborhoods tend to be more integrated than those in the north, their schools are segregated with many Whites sending their children to private schools, making the public schools overwhelming Black and underfunded.? Segregation leads to poorer quality education (Read anything by Jonathon Kozol on this topic).
3. Related to education are job opportunities.? One of the biggest reasons Black poverty is higher is that African Americans still do not have equal job opportunities.? This is partly because of segregation and education, but it is also because of outright discrimination.? In their study of Chicago employers Krischenmann and Neckerman found the employers had negative opinions of Black workers especially those who were from poor neighborhoods.? The punishments for workplace discrimination are minimal.? Even though there are anti-discrimination laws, the fear of recrimination, the shear energy/money required to fight discrimination, and the difficulty of proving it (especially in the colorblind era), keep people of color from having equal opportunities.
4. The War on drugs has also contributed the persistent poverty of African Americans.? The more recent statistics indicate that around 20% of young Black? men are currently involved in the criminal justice system, many of them for drug related crimes (See Bruce Western and Becky Pettits research for more info.).? This is true even though young African Americans are less likely to use illegal drugs (or alcohol) than their White counterparts.? The mark of felony convictions follows these young men throughout their lives, and affects their abilities to support their families with decent paying jobs.
5. Wide scale incarceration and low paying jobs have also created a marriage squeeze decreasing the number of marriageable Black men.? Thus, many Black women couldnt find a financially stable Black male mate; simply because there are not enough available.? This is part (not all) of the reason many Black women are single parents, which certainly makes providing for a family more difficult.
6. The lack of social programs inclusive of African Americans has also helped perpetuate poverty.? Several books have detailed how welfare policies have never fully included African Americans (See Welfare Racism by Neubecka and Cazenave and The Color of Welfare by Quadagno), which to this day has limited the ability of African Americans to build wealth and get out of poverty.

All of these factors have worked together, but to many they are completely invisible.? Both the dominance of Whites and the persistent poverty of low income African Americans remain invisible to most.? Only in this time of great crisis is the racial divide apparent to many Americans.? Even though we see now our fellow Americans, languishing first in downtown New Orleans and now in shelters, we fail to understand the roots of racial inequality.? Yes, it began with slavery, but we dont need to look back to the past to see how the institutional mechanisms of racism create poverty and inequality.? Laws do not have to be explicit in the colorblind era; racism does not have to be explicit.? We only need to look at the outcomes of many of these policies and problems to realize we dont have equal opportunities.? But when our ideology says ignore, deny, and avoid any talk of racism, it is not surprising that poor Blacks in New Orleans were languishing unnoticed until catastrophe struck.? Thanks largely to TV reporters (who had an albeit biased view in some cases), we just could make them invisible anymore.? Now that our racism and its effects on poor people are exposed; we have a great opportunity to make things right, but first we need to wake up and figure out what weve been doing wrong.

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